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Calibration of scintillation cells for radon-222 measurements at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
calibration; radon measurement; scintillation cell; uncertainty
Zinc sulfide coated scintillation cells are the primary method for measuring radon-222 at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Programs (ORP), Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF). These cells are used to...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Zinc oxide as a standard substance in the solution calorimetry of portland cement
calorimetry; oxide; portland cement; zinc
Zinc oxide is the standard substance specified for calibrating the heat-of-solution calorimeters used in determining the heat of hydration of portland cement in several American and foreign cement specifications. The heats of solution of zinc oxide...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Supplementary Zeeman data for the first spectrum of ruthenium (Ru I)
data; Kessler; ruthenium; Zeeman
Zeeman data are listed for 207 lines of Ru I between 2400 and 5400 A, all of which have been classified. The spectrograms were made at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and were analyzed there and at the National Bureau of Standards.
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Some elastic compliances of single crystal rutile from 25 to 1000 °C
Young's modulus, as a function of temperature up to 1000 °C, was determined for eight rutile specimens of different crystallographic orientations. From these, the following four elastic compliances or combinations of them were determined as a...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Experimental values for the elastic constants of a particulate-filled glassy polymer
Composite materials; elastic constants; filled polymers; mechanical properties; particulate composites; Poisson's ratio; Young's modulus
Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio have been measured simultaneously on a series of particulate composites containing volume fractions of filler up to 0.50. The composites consisted of small glass spheres imbedded in a rigid epoxy polymer matrix....
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

G. Yonemura looks at two fixed surrounds of different colors and a fixed target centrally located in one of them while acting as an observer in an NBS study of color induction
Photographs; History; Metrology; Colorimetry; 1960s
Yonemura is attempting to select a target for the other surround so as to make the two target color perceptions identical. The study has shown that the influence of a surrounding color on a centrally-located target can be calculated quantitatively....
Historic Images

Effect of twist on cotton yarns
Yarns were spun in the bureau's experimcntal cotton mill from 1-inch and 1 - 1/16-inch staples, middling grade cotton, using single and double roving organizations. Seven counts of combed yarns (1 -1/16-inch staple) and five counts of carded yarns...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Powder X-ray reference patterns of Sr2RGaCu2Oy (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Y)
Rietveld refinements; Sr2RGaCu2O7; superconductor related phases; X-ray powder patterns
X-Ray Rietveld refinements were conducted on a series of eleven lanthanide phases, Sr2RGaCu2Oy (2112 phase, R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, and Yb) that are structurally related to the high T-c superconductor Ba2YCu3O7 (213). In the 2112...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

$X-ray powder diffraction film showing diffraction rings in cesium fluoride at pressures of 1 bar...$
X-ray powder diffraction film showing diffraction rings in cesium fluoride at pressures of 1 bar and 20 kilobars
Photographs; History; Metrology; High pressure measurements
X-ray powder diffraction film showing diffraction rings in cesium fluoride at pressures of 1 bar and 20 kilobars. The film indicates that CsF exhibits a NaCl-type structure at 1 bar, but converts to a CaCl-type structure at higher pressures of...
Historic Images

$Phase Analysis of Portland Cement by Combined Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning...$
Phase Analysis of Portland Cement by Combined Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy
materials characterization; microstructure; portland cement; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) has been used for several decades to identify and measure the mass fractions of various crystalline phases in portland cement. More recently, a combination of scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

X-ray-lithography mask metrology: Use of transmitted electrons in an SEM for linewidth measurement
lithography; metrology; secondary electron; sem; transmitted electron; x-ray
X-ray masks present a measurement object that is different from most other objects used in semiconductor processing because the support membrane is, by design, x-ray transparent. This characteristic can be used as an advantage in electron...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Radial distribution study of vitreous barium borate
Barium borate; radial distribution; vitreous; X-ray diffraction
X-ray diffraction, radial distribution studies of a 20 percent barium oxide, 80 percent B2O3 glass have been performed using both the atomic and electronic distribution functions. From these distributions, the average barium-barium distance has...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Inclusion of perfluoromethyl groups in the crystals of copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
X-ray diffraction has been used to measure the separation of the molecular axes as a function of temperature, lamella thickness, and comonomer concentration in copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. These data show that the...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Determining the uncertainty of x-ray absorption measurements
cement paste; moisture; mortar; non-destructive testing; Poisson process; x-ray absorption
X-ray absorption (or more properly, x-ray attenuation) techniques have been applied to study the moisture movement in and moisture content of materials like cement paste, mortar, and wood. An increase in the number of x-ray counts with time at a...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Workmen loading 10,000 pound weight onto the NBS railroad track scale testing truck to make a combined load of 90,000 pounds in addition to the 10,000 pound truck
Photographs; History; Metrology; Railroads
Workmen loading 10,000 pound weight onto the NBS railroad track scale testing truck to make a combined load of 90,000 pounds in addition to the 10,000 pound truck
Historic Images

Workman with steel weights used on the railway test car and truck
Photographs; History; Metrology; Railroads; 1960s
Workman with steel weights used on the railway test car and truck
Historic Images

Workman loading steel weights onto NBS railroad track scale testing truck
Photographs; History; Metrology; Railroads
Workman loading steel weights onto NBS railroad track scale testing truck
Historic Images

Thermal degradation of polymers at high temperatures
degradation; high temperatures; polymers; thermal
Work on thermal degradation of polymers has previously been carried out at temperatures up to about 500 °C. In the present work the range has been extended to 850 °C. Polystyrene was pyrolyzed in a vacuum and also in helium at atmospheric pressure...
Journal of Research of NIST and Predecessor Publications

Woolen blanket test specimen
Photographs; History; Metrology; Fire prevention; Research; 1940s
Woolen blanket test specimen. Exhibit tables I-IV inclusive. April 27, 1944. This image is part of the Fire Research collection. A year after the study of refrigeration constants began, Congress authorized an appropriation for another special...
Historic Images

Model of Rabinow Pick-Proof Lock
Wooden model of a pick-proof lock designed by inventor and National Bureau of Standards engineer Jacob Rabinow around 1977. Rabinow invented several variations of the pick-proof lock. The basic principle involved the use of two sets of tumblers...
NIST Museum Artifacts

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